What Category Is Art in the 1970s Classified as
Types of Art
Categories, Forms and Classification of Visual Arts and Crafts.
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Nationale Nederlanden Building,
Prague."The Dancing House". An
iconic example of Deconstructivism,
a fashion of contemporary compages
pioneered past Frank O. Gehry.
DEFINITION OF VISUAL Fine art
Ever since the controversial works of Marcel Duchamp, avant-garde artists take been pushing the boundaries of their profession to breaking point. Installations, found-objects, conceptual works, and film, are just some of the media which have been employed to augment the contemporary aesthetic. A flattened motor car has been presented as an important work of assemblage fine art; a dead shark has been pickled and turned into an installation; a "human skull" has been 'recreated', studded with precious jewels and turned into a piece of contemporary sculpture; and, to cap information technology all, an exhibition of contemporary art opened last year at the Pompidou Centre in Paris, consisting of viii empty rooms.
Fine art Evaluation: How to Appreciate Art.
Bones Definitions of Fine art
• Art: Definition and Meaning
The meaning of beauty and art is explored in the branch of philosophy chosen aesthetics. For more definitions, run into the following:
• Fine Art
Includes: cartoon, painting, sculpture and printmaking.
• Visual Art
Includes: fine arts, sure contemporary arts (eg. installation, performance) and decorative arts.
• Decorative Art
Broadly synonymous with crafts. See as well: Arts and Crafts Motility.
• Applied Fine art
Includes: architecture, industrial-design, fashion/furnishings-design, interior-design etc.
• Crafts
Broadly synonymous with decorative arts. Run across also: Feminist Art (1970s).
• Art Glossary
Explanation of all bones terms.
Ever since the Stone Historic period, painters have been forced to movement with the times. Prehistoric artists painted with lumpy paint crayons and pads of moss, before upgrading to brushes fabricated of vegetable fibre and animal hair. For colour pigments they used iii varieties of clay ochre, (red, yellow and brown), and charcoal for black. By the fourth dimension of the Middle Ages, artists had developed both encaustic and egg-tempera painting methods, and were soon to explore the lustrous advantages of oils. New colour pigments came and went, every bit did a series of paint containers and color charts. Lastly, during the 1940s - well-nigh 32 Millennia since the first cave paintings - chemists devised fast-drying acrylic paints. But despite all these developments in the fine art of painting, painters still had to draw their own images. Now, things are irresolute.
Digital and computer art is upon us, which means that anyone with any proficiency in software design programs can produce a drawing at the drib of a hat. And life drawing is now seen past many as an old-fashioned and unnecessary waste product of fourth dimension. Unfortunately, when artists stop learning how to draw, figurative art flies out the window, and video art takes over.
NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART
The ongoing debate about "What constitutes art?" is not a lilliputian squabble between dessicated academics. Information technology's an of import cultural outcome for huge numbers of people. For case, every bit more activities go accepted as "fine art", so these activities find their way into the curricula of our all-time art schools, sometimes with unfortunate results. Concluding year, I visited a Graduate Show staged past one of Ireland'south top fine art colleges. Out of many hundred exhibits, I was impressed by the creative claim of maybe 3 works - two of which were by the same artist! Nigh of the other works, which were virtually all abstruse, seemed to me to be sloppily executed, and defective any creative impact - a adequately dire thing to say about such a major showcase of immature talent. Plain the bear witness's organizers thought differently, so maybe my sense of aesthetic appreciation has deserted me. Either that, or else it's a sobering case of The Emperor'southward New Clothes.
HOW TO EVALUATE ART
Every attempt to define "good" fine art is doomed to frustration. Allowing the gratuitous market to determine may sound reasonable, except that sale prices identify Damien Hirst as the all-time ever British artist, which sounds a bit dodgy. Besides, at that place are hundreds of dark, uninteresting but mega-valuable Old Principal paintings quietly deteriorating in museums around the world, whose budgetary value bears no relation to their "beauty". As for the so-called "priceless" Greek sculptures in the Louvre - the ane-armed, 1-legged, no-head variety, similar the Venus di Milo - would you lot want any of them in your sitting room? I doubt it. The lesson? Expensive art isn't always good art. Okay, so how else can we make up one's mind what constitutes a worthy artwork? How most letting the Arts Council determine? Err, no thanks. We exercise that already, and it's a disaster. A committee of independent critics? Hmm, perchance non: look what happened to the Turner prize. Is bailiwick thing a guide? For instance, is representational or figurative art ameliorate than abstraction? No. Some of the virtually cute decorative works are completely devoid of recognizable features, while a superrealist painting or sculpture can sometimes leave us cold. The truth is, "good" or "beautiful" art is practically indefinable. Arguably, its existence hinges on a magical combination of shape and colour, which cannot be pre-selected, otherwise Volkswagen would manufacture it.
ART HAS RARITY VALUE Just
Every so often we hear that a painting or drawing past some famous artist has been bought at Sotheby's or Christie'south for $10 million or maybe $fifty 1000000. A recent example was the $100 million paid for a screenprint (Eight Elvises) by Andy Warhol. Did the news make u.s.a. choke over our breakfast? Probably not. Later all, people practice pay huge prices for rare objects. Nevertheless, it'due south very confusing, because it gives the impression that a painting has an objective or intrinsic value, sometimes reaching into the millions. But the truth is, a painting has no intrinsic value - only rarity. Even its dazzler or aesthetic appeal can be acquired by buying a impress, at a fraction of the cost of the original. When it comes to a Monet, a Van Gogh or a Titian, none of this matters because the rarity value justifies a hefty price-tag, but when it comes to works of fine art by ordinary mortals, beware! - the $twenty,000 cost-tag for the piece of work of an established minor creative person tin include a large "way" premium, that can disappear overnight. All this explains why the contemporary art market has nosedived, while demand for rare Former Masters and Moderns remains comparatively buoyant.
SEPARATION OF ARTS & CRAFTS
"Art", traditionally the premier form of visual creativity, is supposedy a drawing-based acivity, practised mainly for its artful value ("art for fine art's sake") rather than its functionality. In dissimilarity, the second-form category, known as "decorative art" (the new word for crafts), refers to things like ceramics, tapestry, enamelling, metalwork, stained glass, textiles, and others, which are deemed to exist ornamental or decorative, rather than intellectual or spiritual. And so to recap: arts are beautiful useless things that elevate the senses - example, the Mona Lisa; whereas crafts prettify functional objects - example, a tea cup with a handpainted pattern. I don't know which painter/sculptor or regime civil servant first proposed this absurd distinction, but information technology lingers on in all its ugly illogicality. Accept architecture, for instance. This has always been regarded equally a fine art, despite beingness the ultimate example of utility - just ask any builder. Advertizement posters by the likes of (say) Toulouse Lautrec and Alphonse Mucha are also seen as fine art, despite being the embodiment of decorative functionalism. On the other hand, a cute tapestry or stained glass window is regarded as mere ornamentalism, irrespective of the degree of creative designwork and craftsmanship involved. And if you think all this is pointless and confusing, wait till you run across "practical fine art", a term which is now used to describe a more design-oriented category of decorative fine art.
A-Z Types of Art
• Blitheness Art
Derived from the Latin significant "to breathe life into", animation is the visual art of creating a motion picture from a series of still drawings. Amid the slap-up twentieth century animators are J. Stuart Blackton, George McManus, Max Fleischer, and Walt Disney.
• Architecture
Best understood equally the practical art of building design. Historically has exerted pregnant influence on the evolution of fine fine art, through architectural styles similar Gothic, Bizarre and Neoclassical. For the origins of skyscraper blueprint, encounter: 19th Century Architecture; for its characteristics and development, come across: Skyscraper Architecture (1850-present); for technical details, see: Chicago School of Compages; for historical context, see: American Architecture (1600-present).
• Art Brut
Painting, drawing, sculpture by artists on the margin of society, or in mental hospitals, or children. (English category is Outsider fine art.)
• Assemblage Art
A contemporary form of sculpture, comparable to collage, in which a work of art is built up or "assembled" from 3-D materials - typically "establish" objects.
• Body Fine art
One of the oldest (and newest) forms - includes body painting and confront painting, besides as tattoos, mime, "living statues" and (almost recently) "performances" by artists like Marina Abramovic and Carole Schneemann.
• Calligraphy
This fine art, practised widely in the Far East and amidst Islamic artists, is regarded by the Chinese as the highest class of art.
• Ceramics
A type of plastic art, ceramics refers to items fabricated from dirt and baked in a kiln. Encounter ancient pottery from China and Greece, below. 2 of the foremost European ceramicists are the English artist Bernard Howell Leach (1887-1979), and the Frenchman Camille Le Tallec (1908-91).
• Christian Art
This is mostly Biblical Fine art, or at to the lowest degree works derived from the Bible. It includes Protestant Reformation art and Cosmic Counter-Reformation art, as well as Jewish themes. See also: Early Christian sculpture and also: Early Christian Art.
• Collage
Composition consisting of diverse materials like newspaper cuttings, cardboard, photos, fabrics and the like, pasted to a board or canvas. May be combined with painting or drawings.
• Estimator Art
All computer-generated forms of fine or practical art, including computer-controlled types. Also known every bit Digital, Cybernetic or Internet art.
• Conceptual Art
A gimmicky art class that places primacy on the concept or idea behind a work of art, rather than the work itself. Leading conceptual artists include: Allan Kaprow (b.1927), and Joseph Beuys (1921-86) the former Professor of Monumental Sculpture at the Dusseldorf Academy, whose dedication earned him a retrospective at the Samuel R Guggenheim Museum (New York).
• Pattern (Creative)
This refers to the plan involved in creating something co-ordinate to a prepare of aesthetics. Examples of artistic design movements include: Fine art Nouveau, Art Deco, De Stijl, Bauhaus, Ulm Design School and Postmodernism.
• Cartoon
A cartoon can exist a complete work, or a type of preparatory sketching for a painting or sculpture. A central upshot in fine art concerns the relative importance of drawing (line) versus colour.
- chalk
- charcoal
- conte crayon
- pastel
- pen and ink
- pencil
For a selection of the greatest sketches by some of the finest draftsmen in history, please see: Best Drawings of the Renaissance (1400-1550).
• Folk Art
Mostly crafts and utilitarian practical arts made by rural artisans.
• French Piece of furniture
The greatest article of furniture was created during the 17th/18th centuries by French Designers at the Royal Courtroom, in the Louis Quatorze, Quinze and Seize styles. For a short guide, encounter: French Decorative Arts (1640-1792).
• Graffiti Art
Contemporary course of street droplets spray painting which emerged in East Coast American cities during the late 1960s/early 1970s. Famous graffiti artists include Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-88), Keith Haring (1958-xc) and Banksy.
• Graphic Art
Types of visual expression divers more than past line and tone (disegno), rather than colour (colorito). Includes drawing, cartoons, caricature art, comic strips, analogy, blitheness and calligraphy, as well every bit all forms of traditional printmaking. Also includes postmodernist styles of discussion art (text-based graphics).
• Icons (Icon Painting)
Ranks alongside mosaic art as the most popular blazon of Eastern Orthodox religious fine art. Closely associated with Byzantine art, and later, Russian icon painters.
• Illuminated Manuscripts
This principally refers to religious texts (Christian, Islamic, Jewish) embellished with figurative illustrations and/or abstruse geometric designs, exemplified by Book of Kells.
• Installation
A new category of contemporary art, which employs diverse 2-D and 3-D materials to create a detail space designed to make an affect on the viewer/visitor. Turner Prize Winner Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin are famous installation artists.
• Analogy
A class of painting, cartoon or other graphic art which explains, clarifies, pictorializes or decorates written text.
• Jewellery Art
Practised by goldsmiths, as well as other master-craftsmen like silversmiths, gemologists, diamond cutters/setters and lapidaries.
• Junk Art
Artworks made from ordinary, everyday materials, or "institute objects", of which Marcel Duchamp's "readymades" are a sub-category. Typically includes three-D works like sculpture, assemblage, collage or installations.
• Land Art
A relatively new category of contemporary art, likewise called Globe art, digging, or Ecology art, it was led by Robert Smithson (1938-73), and emerged in America during the 1960s equally a reaction against the commercial art globe.
• Metalwork Art
Embraces goldsmithing, the fashioning of precious metals into objets d'fine art, as well as enamelwork techniques like cloisonné, plique-a-jour, champlevé, and encrusted enamelling. Encounter: Celtic Metalwork. For more mod works, run across too: Fabergé Easter Eggs.
• Mosaic Art
An ancient art form, adult past Aboriginal Greek and Byzantine artists, which creates pictorial designs out of drinking glass tesserae. For its high point during the Eye Ages, run into: Ravenna Mosaics (c.400-600) and Christian Byzantine Fine art (c.400-1200).
• Outsider Art
Artworks by painters/sculptors exterior mainstream culture; may exist mentally sick, or untutored and uneducated: (French equivalent is Fine art Brut).
• Painting
Since classical antiquity the highest form of Western fine art, painting has been dominated by Renaissance-style "Academic Fine art". Until the invention of pre-mixed paints and the collapsible paint tube in the mid-19th century, painters had to create their own colour pigments from natural plants and metallic compounds. Run into color in painting. Famous painting movements or schools include: Early/HighRenaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Mail service Impressionism, Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstruse Expressionism, Op-Fine art, Pop Art, Minimalism, Photorealism, and others.
- acrylics
- encaustic painting
- fresco painting
- gouache
- ink and wash
- nail art
- oils
- miniature painting
- console painting
- tempera painting
- watercolours
- and more
• Performance Art (and Happenings)
A 20th century art form involving a live functioning by the artist before an audience. The grade was explored and developed by exponents of Futurism, Constructivism, Dada, Surrealism and afterwards contemporary art movements.
• Photography
A 20th century medium past which the creative person captures pictorial images on film as opposed to the traditional fine art supports of canvas, paper or board. New computer software graphics programs have created new opportunities for editing and image manipulation. See also: Is Photography Art? Foremost among exponents of photographic art is the American Ansel Adams, a swain of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Guggenheim beau and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Liberty, noted for his blackness-and-white photographs of the American West. The leading contemporary Irish lens-based artist is Victor Sloan (b.1945).
• Poster Art
Peaked during the French Belle Epoque and the Art Nouveau era.
• Archaic Art
Associated with Aboriginal, African, Oceanic and other tribal cultures; also embraces Outsider art.
• Printmaking
The process of making original prints by pressing an inked block or plate onto a receptive support surface, typically paper. Among great modernistic exponents of fine fine art printmaking (eg. woodcuts, engraving, etching, lithography and silkscreen) are the American artist James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903), the French creative person Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), the Dutch graphic artist MC Escher (1898-1972), Willem de Kooning (1904-97) and Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), too as silkscreen printers like Andy Warhol (1928-87), all of whom infused the artform with bully vitality.
- engraving
- etching
- giclee prints
- lithography
- screen-printing
- woodcuts
- and more
• Public Fine art
A vague category of fine art which encompasses all works paid for by public funds. A more than narrow definition might restrict information technology to all works designed for a space accessible to the full general public. Sadly, most public art ends upwardly in stores or offices staffed by public servants!
• Religious Art
Typically architecture, or whatever fine or decorative arts with a religious theme: includes Christian or Islamic, Hindu, Buddhism or any of a hundred different sects. Run into for example Chinese Buddhist sculpture (c.100 CE - present).
• Stone Art
Traditionally encompasses primitive rock engravings (petroglyphs), relief sculptures, cave painting (pictographs) and megaliths of the Stone Age.
• Sand Art
Encompasses sand painting (Navajo Indians, Tibetan Buddhists), sand drawing (Vanuatu, formerly New Hebrides), sand sculpture and architecture.
• Sculpture
Sculpture is a three-dimensional work of plastic fine art created either by (1) Carving - in stone, marble, wood, ivory, bone; (ii) modelling - from wax or clay, after which it may exist bandage in statuary; (iii) an aggregation of "plant objects". Note: Origami paper folding should also exist classed as a plastic art.
- statue
- relief sculpture
- bronze
- ice sculpture
- ivory etching
- marble
- rock
- terra cotta sculpture
- wood-carving
• Stained Glass Art
The supreme decorative art of the Gothic movement, stained glass reached its zenith during the 12th and 13th centuries when it was created for Christian cathedrals across Europe. Modern stained drinking glass was made in America by John LaFarge and Louis Comfort Tiffany; and on the Continent at the Bauhaus design school.Sadly, the creators of the stained glass masterpieces in Chartres and other Gothic cathedrals remain anonymous, however their skills were kept live by artists like Marc Chagall (1887-1985) and Joan Miro (1893-1983), and - in Republic of ireland - by such Irish artists equally Harry Clarke (1889-1931), Sarah Purser (1848-43) and Evie Hone (1894-1955).
• Tapestry Art
An ancient type of material art, tapestry-making flourished in Europe from the Eye Ages onwards, at the hands of French and (later) Flemish weavers. The well-nigh famous works were woven at the Gobelins tapestry and Beauvais tapestry factories in Paris, merely come across also the famous Bayeux Tapestry (c.1075) a Romanesque work stitched by Anglo-Saxon and French seamsters, depicting the Norman Conquest of 1066.
• Video Fine art
One of the most recent categories of contemporary expression, pioneered past Andy Warhol and others, video is oft used in installation fine art, as well as every bit a stand up-alone art form. Several Turner Prize Winners have been video artists. The leading video artist of the twentieth century is probably Beak Viola (b.1951), known for his technical and creative mastery of the genre.
World Arts
• Aboriginal Art (Australia)
Introduction to ancient cavern painting and petroglyphs from Australasia.
- Australian Colonial Painting (c.1780-1880)
- Australian Impressionism (c.1886-1900)
- Australian Modern Painting (c.1900-sixty)
• Aegean Art (c.2600-1100 BCE)
Early Greek culture: features Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenean cultures.
• African Fine art
Guide to rock paintings, classical African sculpture, art of the African kingdoms, religious and tribal artworks and more.
• American Fine art
History of painting and other fine arts in America, 1750-present.
• Pre-Columbian Fine art (Americas)
Architecture, fine art and crafts of the Americas upward to 1535.
• American Indian Fine art
A largely arts and crafts-based culture, specializing in wood carving, textile arts, shell-engraving, basket-making and formalism masks.
• American Colonial Art
Eurocentric 17th/18th century portrait painting, miniatures and architecture.
• Asian Art
Arts and crafts from Nippon, Communist china, Korea, SE Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
• Byzantine Art
Principally architecture, panel painting, and mosaics created by artists within the eastern Christian Byzantine empire centred on Constantinople.
• Celtic Art
Includes metalwork of the Hallstatt and La Tene culture, plus abstruse geometric designwork.
• Chinese Art
Includes world famous Chinese lacquerware, bronzes, jade carving, terracotta sculpture, Chinese Porcelain, wash-painting and calligraphy. For more, meet also Chinese Pottery and Chinese Painting. For a guide to the aesthetic principles behind Oriental arts and crafts, see: Traditional Chinese Art: Characteristics.
• Egyptian Art
Embraces mainly tomb artworks - similar panel paintings, Egyptian Sculpture, murals, pottery, metalcraft and Egyptian Pyramids Compages.
• Etruscan Art
Includes tomb paintings, domestic frescoes, bronze and terracotta sculpture, ornate sarcophagi, goldsmithery and jewellery.
• Flemish Painting
Schoolhouse of highly realistic oil painting - including artists like Jan van Eyck, Roger van der Weyden, Hugo van der Goes, Hans Memling, and others - that strongly influenced the Italian Renaissance.
• Franco-Cantabrian Cave Art
Prehistoric parietal works in southern France and northern Spain.
• French Painting
Follows the French School (1400-1900) from medieval book painting to late 19th century Symbolism.
• German language Expressionism
The most famous style of art from Germany. But see also our articles on German Medieval Art (c.800-1250), the German Renaissance (1430-1580) and the German Baroque (c.1550-1750).
• Greek Art
Highly innovative, technically achieved, Greek artists gear up the standard in all forms of fine, applied and decorative art, notably painting, sculpture, architecture and drinking glass mosaic.
• Greek Pottery
Includes a range of ceramic designs from different areas of ancient Greece, such equally Geometric style, Oriental Mode, Black-Figure Style and Red-Effigy Way.
• Greek Sculpture
Includes sculptural masterpieces similar Discobolus by Myron; Wounded Amazon by Polykleitos; Apollo Dais by Leochares; Laocoon by Hagesandrus, Athenodoros & Polydorus; Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo) by Andros of Antioch.
• India: Painting & Sculpture
Includes prehistoric cupules and petroglyphs, ivory and bronze figurines, Buddhist frescoes, miniature paintings, and supreme works of Moghal compages, like the Taj Mahal (1632-54).
• Irish gaelic Art
Includes (painting): portraiture, topographical mural, 19th century history paintings and 20th century genre-works and still lifes; (sculpture): Stone and bronzework by traditional, Gaelic, modern and contemporary Irish sculptors.
• Islamic Art
Embraces many categories of inventiveness including, mosque-architecture, ceramics, faience mosaics, lustre-ware, relief sculpture, wood and ivory etching, friezes, cartoon, painting, calligraphy, book-gilding, lacquer-painted bookbinding, textile design, goldsmithery, gemstone carving, and others.
• Renaissance Art in Italy
Beginning in Florence, it spread to Rome and Venice before being taken up past painters and sculptors across Europe.
• Japanese Fine art
Brief guide to four of the main visual arts in Nihon, including: Buddhist Temple art, Zen ink-painting, Yamato-eastward, and Ukiyo-due east woodblock prints.
• Jewish Art
A look at Ashkenazi, Sephardi and Oriental Jewish art, crafts and archeological artifacts. Meet also Holocaust Art, principally Jewish fine art of the Shoah.
• Korean Fine art
Initially influenced by prehistoric Siberian culture, then by Chinese arts and crafts, Korea in turn influenced the evolution of several artforms in Japan.
• Mesopotamian Art
A cursory guide to Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian culture in the state between the Tigris and Euphrates. For more details well-nigh certain national styles, see: "Sumerian art" (c.4500-2270 BCE), "Assyrian art" (c.1500-612 BCE), "Hittite fine art" (c.1600-1180 BCE). Run across also: Mesopotamian Sculpture.
• Minoan Art
Covers sculpture, fresco painting, pottery, rock carvings (notably seal stones), jewellery and the palace architecture of Knossos, Phaestus, Akrotiri, Kato Zakros and Mallia.
• Mycenean Fine art
Embraces Tholos tomb architecture, precious metalwork, and early Greek plastic arts.
• Oceanic Fine art
This umbrella term refers to arts and crafts produced by indigenous native peoples within the Melanesia, Polynesia and Federated states of micronesia zones of the Pacific Ocean.
• Persian Fine art
Encompasses awe-inspiring stone sculptures, bas-reliefs, ceramics, mosaics, metalwork, frescoes, illuminated manuscripts, calligraphy, carpet-making, silk-weaving and architectural designs.
• Roman Art
Noted for its historical relief sculptures (eg. Trajan's Column) and its practical compages (bridges, aquaducts, roads), ancient Rome was too responsible for producing unique copies of many original Greek sculptures, without which many Hellenic treasures would have been lost forever.
• Russian Art
Prehistoric sculpture and the history of painting 30,000 BCE to 1920.
• Spanish Painting
Follows Iberian art (1500-1970), from El Greco to Antoni Tapies.
• Tribal Art
Short guide to the traditional fine art of tribal societies in Republic of india, Africa, the South Pacific, Australasia, Alaska and the Americas. As well known as Primitive Native Art, the category is sometimes extended to include certain early European artworks (eg. Celtic La Tene). It primarily consists of stoneworks (sculpture, temples), earthworks, and petroglyphs.
• Viking Art
Norse fine art mainly consists of portable artworks, similar decorated body armour, drinking horns, pagan icons, paddles, and small-scale carvings in amber, jet, os, walrus ivory and forest.
Styles and Genres
• Abstruse Art
Strictly speaking, abstract artworks derive from non-natural subjects such equally geometric shapes, although wider definitions comprehend all not-representational works. Types of geometric abstraction are as well chosen concrete art, or more confusingly non-objective art. Both these terms mean the aforementioned.
• Representational Art
This describes images that are clearly recognizable for what they purport to exist. By contrast, abstract art consists of pictures that lack any clear identity, and must therefore be interpreted past the viewer.
• Figure Drawing and Figure Painting
Including representational drawing from life.
• History Painting
Derived from the Italian give-and-take "istoria" (pregnant, "narrative"), history painting - exemplified by Leonardo Davinci's work The Last Supper - tells noble stories or carries uplifting messages, and was considered to be No 1 in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Portrait Fine art
Embracing individual, grouping or self-portraits, this genre - exemplified by Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69) - was considered to be No 2 in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Genre Painting
Championed by 17th century Dutch Realists, such as Jan Vermeer (1632-75), this category of "everyday scenes" was seen as No three in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Landscape Painting
Comprising scenic views in which nature takes primacy over human being figures, this was rated No 4 in the Hierarchy of Painting Genres.
• Still Life Painting
This genre - exemplified by Frans Snyders (1579-1657) - typically comprised an arrangement of objects (flowers, kitchen utensils etc.) laid out on a table. For moralistic nevertheless lifes, see: Vanitas Painting (17th century Holland) by Dutch artists like Harmen van Steenwyck (1612-56), January Davidsz de Heem (1606-83), Willem Kalf (1622-93) and Willem Claesz Heda (1594-1681). Because they were devoid of human being representation, all the same lifes were regarded every bit the least important blazon of painting.
• For more about the classification of the visual arts, encounter: Homepage.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART
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